Background: With advances in antiretroviral therapy, most deaths in people with HIV are
now attributable to noncommunicable illnesses, especially cardiovascular disease. We …

HIV-infected drug users have increased age-matched morbidity and mortality compared with
HIV-infected people who do not use drugs. Substance-use disorders negatively affect the …

The emergence of chronic disease complications in controlled HIV disease has changed the
landscape of HIV clinical care. HIV infection confers an increased cardiovascular disease …

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. A significant portion of the morbidity and mortality …

Human host and pathogen interaction is dynamic in nature and often modulated by co-
pathogens with a functional role in delineating the physiological outcome of infection. Co …

World-wide, hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for approximately 130 million chronic
infections, with an overall 3% prevalence. Four to 5 million persons are co-infected with HIV …

Background More than 70 million people worldwide are estimated to have hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infection. Emerging evidence indicates an association between HCV and …

Background. Elite controllers spontaneously suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
viremia but also demonstrate chronic inflammation that may increase risk of comorbid …

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of
developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Although factors potentially contributing to this …

The development of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) in patients with liver cirrhosis is
associated with high mortality rates. Renal failure is the most significant organ dysfunction …