While many viral infections are limited and eventually resolved by the host immune
response or by death of the host, other viruses establish long-term relationships with the …

Phages are regarded as powerful antagonists of bacteria, especially in industrial
fermentation processes involving bacteria. While bacteria have developed various defense …

Cellular decision-making guides complex development such as cell differentiation and
disease progression. Much of our knowledge about decision-making is derived from simple …

The l-arabinose-responsive AraC and its cognate PBAD promoter underlie one of the most
often used chemically inducible prokaryotic gene expression systems in microbiology and …

The debate over whether viruses are living organisms tends to be paradigmatically
determined. The metabolic paradigm denies that they are, while new research evidences …

Precise control of gene expression is critical for biological research and biotechnology.
However, transient plasmid transfections in mammalian cells produce a wide distribution of …

Spatial organization of biological processes allows for variability in molecular outcomes and
coordinated development. Here, we investigate how organization underpins phage lambda …

When host cells are in low abundance, temperate bacteriophages opt for dormant
(lysogenic) infection. Phage lambda implements this strategy by increasing the frequency of …

After the ejection of viral DNA into the host cytoplasm, the temperate bacteriophage (phage)
lambda integrates a cascade of expressions from various regulatory genes, coupled with …

Phage P1 is a temperate phage which makes the lytic or lysogenic decision upon infecting
bacteria. During the lytic cycle, progeny phages are produced and the cell lyses, and in the …