In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction.
Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug …

Background: Virtual reality (VR) intervention is an innovative and efficient rehabilitative tool
for patients affected by stroke, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. This …

Objective: Impulsive choices can lead to suboptimal decision making, a tendency which is
especially marked in individuals with ADHD. We compared two different paradigms …

Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …

Nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in neurocognitive function including sustained
attention, working memory, and response inhibition. Several convergent lines of evidence …

Acetylcholine (ACh) release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is crucial for normal
cognitive performance. Despite the fact that many have studied how ACh affects neuronal …

The link between neuropsychological impairments and chronic tobacco smoking is not clear
and in the current literature there is a lack of robust analyses investigating this association. A …

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco smoking are among the most
common and costly psychiatric and behavioral problems. The rates of co‐occurrence of …

Introduction Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental
disorder affecting up to 5.3% of children and 2.5% of adults depending on the country …