Cracking the code: Reprogramming the genetic script in prokaryotes and eukaryotes to harness the power of noncanonical amino acids

C Jann, S Giofré, R Bhattacharjee, EA Lemke - Chemical Reviews, 2024 - ACS Publications
Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

Upgrading aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for genetic code expansion

O Vargas-Rodriguez, A Sevostyanova, D Söll… - Current opinion in …, 2018 - Elsevier
Synthesis of proteins with non-canonical amino acids via genetic code expansion is at the
forefront of synthetic biology. Progress in this field has enabled site-specific incorporation of …

Engineering the genetic code in cells and animals: biological considerations and impacts

L Wang - Accounts of chemical research, 2017 - ACS Publications
Conspectus Expansion of the genetic code allows unnatural amino acids (Uaas) to be site-
specifically incorporated into proteins in live biological systems, thus enabling novel …

Genetic code flexibility in microorganisms: novel mechanisms and impact on physiology

J Ling, P O'donoghue, D Söll - Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2015 - nature.com
The genetic code, initially thought to be universal and immutable, is now known to contain
many variations, including biased codon usage, codon reassignment, ambiguous decoding …

Crystal structures reveal an elusive functional domain of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase

T Suzuki, C Miller, LT Guo, JML Ho, DI Bryson… - Nature chemical …, 2017 - nature.com
Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) is a major tool in genetic code expansion using
noncanonical amino acids, yet its structure and function are not completely understood …

Polyspecific pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases from directed evolution

LT Guo, YS Wang, A Nakamura… - Proceedings of the …, 2014 - National Acad Sciences
Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and its cognate tRNAPyl have emerged as ideal
translation components for genetic code innovation. Variants of the enzyme facilitate the …

Ancestral archaea expanded the genetic code with pyrrolysine

LT Guo, K Amikura, HK Jiang, T Mukai, X Fu… - Journal of Biological …, 2022 - ASBMB
The pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) facilitates the cotranslational installation of the 22nd
amino acid pyrrolysine. Owing to its tolerance for diverse amino acid substrates, and its …

Intra-and inter-nucleosomal interactions of the histone H4 tail revealed with a human nucleosome core particle with genetically-incorporated H4 tetra-acetylation

M Wakamori, Y Fujii, N Suka, M Shirouzu… - Scientific reports, 2015 - nature.com
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones, such as lysine acetylation of the N-
terminal tails, play crucial roles in controlling gene expression. Due to the difficulty in …

Structural basis for genetic-code expansion with bulky lysine derivatives by an engineered pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase

T Yanagisawa, M Kuratani, E Seki, N Hino… - Cell Chemical …, 2019 - cell.com
Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and tRNA Pyl have been extensively used for genetic-
code expansion. A Methanosarcina mazei PylRS mutant bearing the Y306A and Y384F …

Fully Productive Cell-Free Genetic Code Expansion by Structure-Based Engineering of Methanomethylophilus alvus Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase

E Seki, T Yanagisawa, M Kuratani… - ACS Synthetic …, 2020 - ACS Publications
Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS)/tRNAPyl pairs from Methanosarcina mazei and
Methanosarcina barkeri are widely used for site-specific incorporations of non-canonical …