Theoretical models have successfully predicted the evolution of poultry pathogen virulence
in industrialized farm contexts of broiler chicken populations. Whether there are ecological …

The emergence of new virulent genotypes and the continued genetic drift of Newcastle
disease virus (NDV) implies that distinct genotypes of NDV are simultaneously evolving in …

Poultry production is an activity that is engaged in by a majority of traditional small-scale
farmers around the world. The percentage of participants engaged in this enterprise …

In the absence of effective drugs, vaccines constitute the cornerstone for the prevention of
Newcastle disease (ND). Different strategies have been implemented to increase …

In the eastern rainforests of Madagascar, rainfed swidden rice cultivation remains prevalent
despite efforts to encourage uptake of irrigated systems to reduce deforestation. We used …

Abstract Across the Global South, wildlife is an important source of nutrition and income,
particularly for rural communities. While wildlife consumption provides a valuable source of …

The northeast of Madagascar is as diverse as it is threatened. The area bordering the
Analanjirofo and SAVA regions contains six protected areas and at least 22 lemur species …

Temperature, rainfall, latitudinal, and topographic gradients underlie the range of climatic
zones on Madagascar, which include the tropical eastern and western coastlines, temperate …

The Makira Natural Park (Makira) is the largest terrestrial protected area in Madagascar,
supporting nearly 200,000 people living around the park, who derive a significant proportion …

As a major infectious disease in chickens, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes
considerable economic losses in the poultry industry, especially in developing countries …