Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light‐
weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage …

This review article summarizes the current state-of-the-art for biomimicry in additive
manufacturing. Biomimicry is the practice of learning from and emulating nature-which can …

Micro-computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray tomography technique with (sub) micron
resolution, typically using an X-ray tube with cone-beam geometry as a source and a …

Biological material systems have evolved unique combinations of mechanical properties to
fulfill their specific function through a series of ingenious designs. Seeking lessons from …

Albert Einstein once said “look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything
better”. Looking deep into nature has in the last few years become much more achievable …

The endoskeleton of echinoderms (Deuterostomia: Echinodermata) is of mesodermal origin
and consists of cells, organic components, as well as an inorganic mineral matrix. The …

Although the evolution of tooth structure seems highly conserved, remarkable diversity exists
among species due to different living environments and survival requirements. Along with …

Multi-material 3D printing offers design flexibility for the manufacture of new architectured
composite materials and has been increasingly used to explore the mechanical properties of …

Animals' teeth have evolved to provide food procurement, mastication, and protection. These
functions, directly linked to survival of many living animal species, require superior hardness …

Marine calcifiers are considered to be among the most vulnerable taxa to climate-forced
environmental changes occurring on continental margins with effects hypothesized to occur …