BACKGROUND Ever since the writings of Darwin and Huxley, humans' place in nature
relative to apes (nonhuman hominoids) and the geographic origins of the human lineage …

Abstract Version 1.5 of the computer program TNT completely integrates landmark data into
phylogenetic analysis. Landmark data consist of coordinates (in two or three dimensions) for …

Geometric morphometric (GM) data has a long and contentious history in phylogenetic
analyses. Often associated with phenetics, GM has been considered by many to be unable …

A major goal of evolutionary studies is to better understand how complex morphologies are
related to the different functions and behaviours in which they are involved. For example …

Spinosauridae presents an extensive geographical and temporal distribution, with records
from Gondwana and Laurasia, and a temporal range from Barremian (~ 129 Ma, Lower …

In recent years, there has been controversy whether multidimensional data such as
geometric morphometric data or information on gene expression can be used for estimating …

Wing venation provides useful characters with which to classify extant and fossil insects.
Recently, quantification of its shape using landmarks has increased the potential of wing …

Abstract Mesotheriidae (Panperissodactyla, Notoungulata) are an extinct clade (early
Oligocene–Pleistocene) of small to medium‐sized herbivorous mammals that were widely …

The use of quantitative morphometric information for phylogenetic inference has been an
intensely debated topic for most of the history of phylogenetic systematics. Despite several …

Geometric and traditional morphometric approaches are tested to describe and reveal
taxonomic characters and character states in variation of shape and size of idiosoma …