Since the first cases of COVID-19 were documented in Wuhan, China in 2019, the world has
witnessed a devastating global pandemic, with more than 238 million cases, nearly 5 million …

In the eleven months elapsed since the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its
genome, an exceptional effort by the scientific community has led to the development of over …

Background Many new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) have been termed variants of concern/interest (VOC/I) because of the greater …

There are still many unanswered questions concerning viral SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in
COVID-19. Accessory proteins in SARS-CoV-2 consist of eleven viral proteins whose roles …

The major variant of concerns (VOCs) have shared mutations in severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike proteins, mostly on the S1 unit and resulted in …

Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of
2019 and caused the devastating global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

INTRODUCTION The emergence of three lethal coronaviruses in< 20 years and the urgency
of the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted efforts to develop new therapeutic strategies …

The structural spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2) plays an essential role in infection and is an important target for neutralizing …

Abstract Coronavirus-related Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in
2002/2003, Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012/2013, and especially …