Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants possess large arsenals of immune receptors capable of recognizing all pathogen
classes. To cause disease, pathogenic organisms must be able to overcome physical …

Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from
symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted …

Oomycetes form a deep lineage of eukaryotic organisms that includes a large number of
plant pathogens which threaten natural and managed ecosystems. We undertook a survey …

Fungi have developed a plethora of strategies to colonize plants, and these interactions
result in a broad spectrum of outcomes ranging from beneficial interactions to death of the …

Various conceptual models to describe the plant immune system have been presented. The
most recent paradigm to gain wide acceptance in the field is often referred to as the zigzag …

Phytophthora infestans has been a named pathogen for well over 150 years and yet it
continues to “emerge”, with thousands of articles published each year on it and the late …

Live-cell imaging assisted by fluorescent markers has been fundamental to understanding
the focused secretory'warfare'that occurs between plants and biotrophic pathogens that feed …

Plant diseases can drastically abate the crop yields as the degree of disease outbreak is
getting severe around the world. Therefore, plant disease management has always been …

Phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes invade and colonize their host plants
through distinct routes. These pathogens secrete diverse groups of effector proteins that aid …