In the classical model of tumorigenesis, cancer develops via slowly accumulating mutations
that facilitate uncontrolled cell growth and allow cells to escape apoptosis. Oncogenes and …

Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urological malignant tumor. In BC,
aberrant DNA methylation is believed to be associated with carcinogenesis. Therefore, the …

Cancer chemopreventive agents inhibit the formation of precursor lesions and/or the
progression of these lesions to late stage disease. This approach to disease control has the …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates environmental inputs to regulate
cellular growth and metabolism in tumors. However, mTOR also regulates T-cell …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play critical roles in cancer invasion and metastasis by
digesting basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM). Much attention has focused …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene polymorphisms exert the major effects on the
regulation of transcriptional activity and miRNA binding or splicing, which may be associated …

Urothelial carcinoma is a complex cancer with genomic immunomic drivers that have
prognostic and predictive treatment implications. Identifying potential targetable alterations …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review summarizes the druggable targets within the critical
signaling pathways and the promising clinically relevant drugs emerging as potential …

Urinary bladder cancer, is the 10th most common global cancer, diagnosed in over 600,000
people causing 200,000 deaths annually. Artemisinin and its derivatives are safe …

Missense mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) occur in up to 80% of low-
grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (LGP-UCB) suggesting that these …