Electrochemical energy storage technologies hold great significance in the progression of
renewable energy. Within this specific field, flow batteries have emerged as a crucial …

Transportation electrification plays a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and enabling the decarbonization of power systems. However, current research …

Automotive electrification holds the promise of mitigating transportation-related greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions, yet at the expense of growing demand for critical metals. Here, we …

To meet their climate targets, European countries have sought to move from fossil fuels to
clean energy. Some of the major elements in this energy transition have involved cutting …

Lithium is a critical material for the energy transition, but conventional procurement methods
have significant environmental impacts. In this study, we utilize regional energy system …

Decarbonizing road transport is important for China to achieve carbon neutrality. Road
transport decarbonization requires rapid deployment of new energy vehicles, especially …

Climate change persists as a pressing global issue due to high greenhouse gas emissions
from fossil fuel–based energy sources. A transition to a greener energy matrix combined …

Abstract This study employs Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to comprehensively forecast metal
demand in alignment with energy and digital transition policies at the country level, focusing …

Critical factors like electric vehicle market penetration, battery chemistry, and battery
capacity determine future critical material demand and recycling potential from electric …

Limiting climate heating while meeting basic needs for all necessitates large-scale
deployment of renewable energy. Understanding the dynamics of mobilizing materials for …