Infection of chickens with avian influenza virus poses a global threat to both poultry
production and human health that is not adequately controlled by vaccination or by …

The ability to introduce foreign DNA into the genome of an organism has proven to be one of
the most powerful tools in modern biology. Methods for the manipulation of the animal …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 causes a devastating
disease in poultry but when it accidentally infects humans it can cause death. Therefore …

Background The use of RNAi in both basic and translational research often requires
expression of multiple siRNAs from the same vector. Methods/Principal Findings We have …

Genetically engineered (GE) animals are likely to have an important role in the future in
meeting the food demand of a burgeoning global population. There have already been …

Abstract The Harvard University Asian Flus and Avian Influenza Workshop, held in
December 2006, introduced a biosocial approach to the preparation for and control of …

Background Toll like receptor (TLR) 3 is a critically important innate pattern recognizing
receptor that senses many viral infections. Although, it has been shown that double stranded …

Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 signaling pathway is known to induce type 1 interferons
(IFNs) and proinflammatory mediators leading to antiviral response against many viral …

Influenza A virus represents a significant health and economic threat to both humans and
animals worldwide. The polymerase III human H1 promoter was used to express nine short …

Influenza A viruses which belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, are enveloped,
pleomorphic, and contain genomes of 8 single-stranded negative-sense segments of RNA …