Achieving an understanding of how apoptosis/PCD (programmed cell death) is integrated
within cellular responses to environmental and intracellular signals is a daunting task. From …

The programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (B7-H1) signaling pathway has been
the focus of much enthusiasm in the fields of tumor immunology and oncology with recent …

Here, we report on the expression of programmed death (PD)-1 on human virus-specific
CD8+ T cells and the effect of manipulating signaling through PD-1 on the survival …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a central role in the response to infection by secreting
cytokines crucial for immune regulation, tissue homeostasis, and repair. Although …

Spontaneous control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is generally associated with an
enhanced capacity of CD8+ T cells to eliminate infected CD4+ T cells, but the molecular …

Epidemiological evidence indicates that the vitamin D status after birth modulates the risk for
development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We previously demonstrated that the …

Exhaustion is a dysfunctional state of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) observed in chronic
infection and cancer. Current in vivo models of CTL exhaustion using chronic viral infections …

Cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including HIV infection.
However, the role of the cytokine network in early HIV infection is only now starting to be …

Abstract The programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 (B7-H1) signaling pathway
has been the focus of much enthusiasm in the fields of tumor immunology and oncology with …

The contribution of local factors to the activation of immune cells infiltrating the CNS of
patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains to be defined. The cytokine IL-15 is pivotal in …