Both climate change and anthropogenic disturbance affect vegetation composition, but it is
difficult to separate these drivers of vegetation change from one another. A better …

Natural disturbances, such as avalanches, snow breakage, insect outbreaks, windthrow or
fires shape mountain forests globally. However, in many regions over the past centuries …

Among elm tree species, prevalently concentrated in the temperate regions of the northern
hemisphere, three species are present in Europe with a wide range and native to most …

Summary 1 Many studies in northern Europe, North and South America, describe regional
trends of population densification at altitudinal and polar tree lines during the 20th century …

Land abandonment exacerbated by climate change has led to increased woody plant
encroachment of mountain grasslands in many regions of the world. The present study …

Question: Have past windstorm events influenced the structure and composition of mountain
forests in the Tatra Mountains? Can severe and infrequent wind disturbances lead to …

Global change is leaving a fingerprint on the appearance, structure and productivity of the
treeline ecotone, modifying patterns of mountain ecosystems. In order to implement correct …

Protection forests play a key role in protecting settlements, people, and infrastructures from
gravitational hazards such as rockfalls and avalanches in mountain areas. Rapid climate …

Transition zones between mountain forests and treeless tundra, ie treeline ecotones, are
characterized by great regional variety. In this paper, we discuss the biodiversity in various …

Questions: What is the structure of the anthropogenic upper forest‐grassland ecotone and
are there differences in the spatial relationships between the tree species involved …