After endocytosis, most membrane proteins and lipids return to the cell surface, but some
membrane components are delivered to late endosomes or the Golgi. We now understand …

Mammalian cells take up extracellular material by a variety of different mechanisms that are
collectively termed endocytosis. Endocytic mechanisms serve many important cellular …

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein that
mediates active I− transport into the thyroid follicular cells, the first step in thyroid hormone …

The endosomal system is expansive and complex, characterized by swift morphological
transitions, dynamic remodeling of membrane constituents, and intracellular positioning …

Limited endoproteolysis of inactive precursor proteins at sites marked by paired or multiple
basic amino acids is a widespread process by which biologically active peptides and …

Many receptors for endocytosis recycle into and out of cells through early endosomes. We
now find in dendritic cells that the DEC-205 multilectin receptor targets late endosomes or …

The AP2 adaptor complex (α, β2, σ2, and μ2 subunits) crosslinks the endocytic clathrin
scaffold to PtdIns4, 5P 2-containing membranes and transmembrane protein cargo. In the" …

The Menkes P‐type ATPase (MNK), encoded by the Menkes gene (MNK; ATP7A), is a
transmembrane copper‐translocating pump which is defective in the human disorder of …

Two-hybrid screening in yeast with p73α isolated SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin-likemodifier 1),
the enzyme responsible for its conjugation, Ubc-9, and a number of novel SUMO-1 …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is tightly regulated to ensure its proper
physiological functions in different cells and tissues. Like other cell surface receptors, TGF-β …