My personal experience as a teacher in Japan has raised questions about the usefulness of
both summative and formative assessment, the possible benefits of non-traditional …

Abstract The Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) has become one of
the most influential forces in global education. The growing influence has been …

The authors define accountability broadly as a government's mechanism for holding
educational institutions to account for the delivery of high quality education. The idea that the …

The NAPLAN Review has been commissioned to determine what the objectives of national
standardised assessment should be, to advise on how well the National Assessment …

In education, reform and renewal are constant. Policies are continually changing to meet the
needs of the times and the society. Political advisors, such as the Organization for Economic …

Despite the growing scholarly interest in the effects of principal leadership on student
achievement, empirical evidence concerning how principal qualifications might be related to …

Background This small-scale needs analysis study examined content course faculty
members' perspectives on English language demands in their courses and their perceptions …

Previous research has found that external examinations positively affect human capital. Still,
critics warn that such examinations inhibit the development of skills crucial to …

Background Group-based trajectory modeling is a useful tool for categorizing students'
academic trajectories and their determinants. Using insights gained from the analyses, we …

Internationally, mathematics education reform has been directed toward characterizing
educational goals that go beyond topic/content/skill descriptions and develop students' …