Vanadium is a metal that receives increasing attention due to its possible toxicity and its
increased use in society, ie in high-grade steel and in vanadium redox-flow batteries …

Around two billion tonnes of alkaline residues are produced globally each year by industries
such as steel production, alumina refining and coal-fired power generation, with a total …

This review focuses on the applicability of red mud as an amendment for metal/metalloid-
contaminated soil. The varying properties of red muds from different sources are presented …

Plant-based technologies including phytomining, phytoextraction, phytodegradation,
phytostabilization and phytovolatilization have drawn much attention during the last decade …

Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline material generated from the production of alumina in
which bauxite is dissolved in caustic soda. Approximately 4.4 billion tons of bauxite residues …

In the 5 years since the 2010 Ajka red mud spill (Hungary), there have been 46 scientific
studies assessing the key risks and impacts associated with the largest single release of …

Reduction of the high alkalinity of bauxite residue is a key problem to solve to make it
suitable for plant growth and comprehensive utilization. In this study, phosphogypsum, a …

Bauxite residue is a high volume byproduct of alumina manufacture which is commonly
disposed of in purpose-built bauxite residue disposal areas (BRDAs). Natural waters …

The generation of bauxite residue, the by-product of alumina manufacture from bauxite ore,
has increased to a global stockpile of some 3 billion tonnes. In the absence of significant …

Bauxite residue (red mud), the by-product produced in the alumina industry, is being
produced at an estimated global rate of approximately 150 Mt per annum. Due to its highly …