Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described
mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

Pain is a hallmark of tissue injury, inflammatory diseases, pathogen invasion and
neuropathy. It is mediated by nociceptor sensory neurons that innervate the skin, joints …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), commonly known as endotoxin, is ubiquitous and the most-
studied pathogen-associated molecular pattern. A component of Gram-negative bacteria …

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis,
nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a …

The relationship between gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including chronic pain,
has received increasing attention. The gut microbiome is a crucial modulator of visceral …

Interactions between the nervous and immune systems were recognized long ago, but
recent studies show that this crosstalk occurs more frequently than was previously …

Barrier tissue immune responses are regulated in part by nociceptors. Nociceptor ablation
alters local immune responses at peripheral sites and within draining lymph nodes (LNs) …

The past few decades have witnessed a huge leap forward in our understanding of the
mechanistic underpinnings of pain, in normal states where it helps protect from injury, and …

Nociceptor sensory neurons are specialized to detect potentially damaging stimuli,
protecting the organism by initiating the sensation of pain and eliciting defensive …