The difference between the simulation and experimental results of solar cells has always
been challenging for researchers. Some simplifying assumptions in the simulation programs …

A chromatic confocal sensor is modified to measure the spectral reflectance of
nontransparent surfaces or transparent thin films. According to the Fresnel formula, specular …

Scant attention has been paid to the investigation of optical losses that affect the
performance of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, in this chapter, an optical matrix calculation …

Although solar cells have the potential to create an endless amount of electrical power, their
comparatively low power conversion efficiency draws the curiosity of both academics and …

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit great potential for industrial application thanks
to their low complexity and low fabrication temperature. Aiming at commercial applications, it …

To introduce a suitable functional composite for electronic and optical applications, different
structures of Graphene, Lead iodine and Borophene layers were studied using density …

The performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are severely dependent on the device
architecture and the interface between each layer in the cell structure, in particular the …

The need for more efficient, cheaper, easily producible solar cells is growing as this
combination of attributes can decrease the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). A two-terminal …

Spectral reflectance plays an important role in the evaluation of the object surface, such as
the color, the roughness. A new method is proposed to measure the spectral reflectance at a …