Brine, also known as concentrate, is the by-product of the desalination process that has an
adverse impact on the environment due to its high salinity. Hence, viable and cost-effective …

Forward osmosis is an emerging osmosis-driven membrane process, which has benefits of
low energy consumption, low operational pressure, easy equipment, and low fouling. This …

In recent decades, freshwater reserves have been under high threats, generated mainly by
anthropogenic causes such as rapid population growth and climate change. Currently, one …

Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane separation process using a highly concentrated draw
solution with high osmotic potential to draw water across a semi-permeable membrane from …

Forward osmosis (FO) has become a promising membrane technology for desalination and
water treatment due to its simplicity, low energy consumption, and low fouling tendency …

Water scarcity is one of the major issues that has put economic growth, societal stability, and
ecosystem balance unstable. Wastewater reuse has been recognised as a viable method for …

Despite the impressive progress in forward osmosis (FO) membranes and pilot scale testing
of FO process, lack of draw solutes that can be efficiently regenerated is still a limiting factor …

The management and treatment of brine (saline wastewater) are of great importance, as its
discharge to the environment poses a significant threat. A new strategy called minimal liquid …

Freshwater scarcity is one of the most important issues facing the world today. To address
this issue, processes have been developed to purify and desalinate water at an industrial …

Forward osmosis (FO) has emerged as a potentially energy-efficient membrane treatment
technology to yield high-quality reusable water from various wastewater/saline water …