Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in
tissues—prominently in muscle, fat and liver—is one of the earliest manifestations of a …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the most frequent metabolic disorders, but their causes
remain largely unclear. Insulin resistance, the common underlying abnormality, results from …

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty …

Skeletal muscle fat infiltration (known as myosteatosis) is an ectopic fat depot that increases
with aging and is recognized to negatively correlate with muscle mass, strength, and mobility …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

The bioactive sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are a
recent addition to the lipids accumulated in obesity and have emerged as important …

The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly
recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as …

Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a distinct adipose depot described in early reports as
a 'fatty replacement'or 'muscle fat infiltration'that was linked to ageing and neuromuscular …

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder affecting multiple tissues and is a precursor event
to type 2 diabetes (T2D). As T2D affects over 425 million people globally, there is an …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the greatest health crises of our time and its
prevalence is projected to increase by> 50% globally by 2045. Currently, 10 classes of …