The aquaporins (AQPs) are plasma membrane water-transporting proteins. AQP4 is the
principal member of this protein family in the CNS, where it is expressed in astrocytes and is …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a disabling autoimmune astrocytopathy characterized by
typically severe and recurrent attacks of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis …

The literature was reviewed to summarize the current understanding of the role of ciliated
ependymal cells in the mammalian brain. Previous reviews were summarized. Publications …

Cerebrospinal fluid is vital for normal brain function. Changes to the composition, flow, or
pressure can cause a variety of neurological symptoms and signs. Equally, disorders of …

Background Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)–IgG is a specific autoantibody marker for NMO. It
binds selectively to aquaporin 4 (AQP4), which is highly concentrated in astrocytic foot …

The epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by a process
which involves the transport of Na+, Cl− and HCO3− from the blood to the ventricles of the …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that typically affects
optic nerves and spinal cord. Its pathogenic relationship to multiple sclerosis (MS) is …

Water homeostasis in the brain is of central physiologic and clinical importance. Neuronal
activity and ion water homeostasis are inextricably coupled. For example, the clearance of …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) with a poor prognosis in terms of the optic-spinal function. Recently, a serum …

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a bidirectional water channel that is found on astrocytes throughout
the central nervous system. Expression is particularly high around areas in contact with …