This study reviewed non-Western and cross-cultural/national research published in five
major leisure studies journals between 1990 and 2009. Of 1,891 total articles, 4.1% were …

This article assesses the status of hierarchical leisure constraints theory (Crawford &
Godbey, 1987; Crawford, Jackson, & Godbey, 1991) regarding many issues. Such issues …

Race and ethnicity have a significant impact on leisure behavior and activity choices. Yet,
until now, no book has thoroughly explored that impact, though this topic is critical for leisure …

This paper reports on the findings of a study that examined constraints on leisure
experienced by African American, Latinx and Asian users and nonusers of recreation …

This study attempts to gain insight into what factors constrain Chinese outbound tourists from
visiting the United States, using the Leisure Constraint Model as the analytical framework …

This study extends previous research on leisure constraints by developing a new, theory-
based, inventory of intrapersonal leisure constraints items using the theory of planned …

Despite a flurry of recent publications, sport tourism is still in its infancy as an area of
academic investigation. As such, it is characterized by ideographic studies which have merit …

This study aimed to investigate the negotiation strategies used by recreational skiers to
overcome constraints' influences, and to test the degree to which negotiation acts as a …

Leisure is a growing topic of interest in developing economies such as Turkey. The purpose
of this study, therefore, is to explore leisure activity preferences and the perceptions of …

Extensive research shows that individuals in lower socioeconomic statuses experience
higher levels of morbidity and mortality than those of higher social status. This disparity …