A variety of methods can be used to compile a life cycle inventory (LCI) as part of a life cycle
assessment (LCA) study. Hybrid LCI methods attempt to address the limitations inherent in …

In the modern world, only conventional energy resources cannot fulfil the growing energy
demand. Electricity is a fundamental building block of a technological revolution. Today …

Concrete is the second most used material after water and the production of cement is
responsible for 5–8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. The development of low-carbon …

Approximately half of the annual global energy supply is consumed in constructing,
operating, and maintaining buildings. Because most of this energy comes from fossil fuels, it …

Buildings use approximately 48% of global energy each year in their construction and
operation as embodied and operating energy. The embodied energy is used directly …

Abstract Building Information Modeling (BIM) is regarded as a potential vehicle to
tremendously improve the information flow throughout the life cycle of a building. The …

The construction industry is well known for generating a large amount of carbon emissions
and this, together with huge costs of buildings during their life cycle, seriously affects its …

Accelerating carbon emission reduction is conducive to protecting the ecological security of
the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on a case study of 41 counties in Qinghai Province, China …

Shrinkage of concrete needs to be dealt with carefully in the design of reinforced concrete
(RC) structures as it creates dimensional instability and could induce excessive tensile …

Concrete should be flowable and cohesive to possess high passing ability. Adding
superplasticizer solely cannot increase the passing ability of concrete monotonically …