Early life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for mental illness, but the neurobiological
mechanisms by which ELA increases the risk for future psychopathology are still poorly …

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive processes, such as
pattern separation, and in the behavioural effects of stress and antidepressants. Young adult …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder, afflicting females of
reproductive age. This syndrome leads to infertility, insulin resistance, obesity, and …

Introduction: Cortisol effects on the brain are exerted through two distinct receptors, inducing
complex and even opposite effects on the cerebral structures implicated in the various …

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high
medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological …

Test anxiety may be a contributing factor to low-performing examination scores among
students. There can be numerous physiological responses in the body that lead to test …

Controversy exists over the role of stress and depression in the pathophysiology of type 2
diabetes mellitus. Depression has been shown to increase the risk for progressive insulin …

Currently, over 300 million people worldwide have depression, and the socioeconomic
burden of this debilitating disorder is anticipated to increase markedly over the coming …

Abstract Purpose of Review Stress has long been suspected to be interrelated to
(abdominal) obesity. However, interindividual differences in this complex relationship exist …

Major life stressors, especially those involving interpersonal stress and social rejection, are
among the strongest proximal risk factors for depression. In this review, we propose a …