The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

In 1900, Ramón y Cajal advanced the neuron doctrine, defining the neuron as the
fundamental signaling unit of the nervous system. Over a century later, neurobiologists …

Spinal interneurons are organized into networks that control the activity and output of the
motor system. This review outlines recent progress in defining the rules that govern the …

The different neural control systems involved in goal-directed vertebrate locomotion are
reviewed. They include not only the central pattern generator networks in the spinal cord that …

C. elegans is widely used to dissect how neural circuits and genes generate behavior.
During locomotion, worms initiate backward movement to change locomotion direction …

CB1-and CB2-type cannabinoid receptors mediate effects of the endocannabinoids 2-
arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide in mammals. In canonical endocannabinoid …

To understand the interface between global brain function and molecular neuroscience–that
is, the microcircuit level–a major challenge. Such understanding is prerequisite if we are to …

Locomotor behaviors are critical for survival and enable animals to navigate their
environment, find food and evade predators. The circuits in the brain and spinal cord that …

Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), execute their
sentinel, housekeeping and defense functions through a panoply of genes, receptors and …

Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators with protective effects in many diseases of the
nervous system. We have studied the modulation of the endocannabinoid system after a …