The past half century has seen the development of the field of post-ejaculatory sexual
selection, the sequel to sexual selection for mate-acquisition (pre-ejaculatory) described by …

Broadcast spawning invertebrates offer highly tractable models for evaluating sperm
competition, gamete-level mate choice and sexual conflict. By displaying the ancestral …

Sperm ageing after ejaculation can generate paternal environment effects that impact
offspring fitness. In many species, female reproductive fluids (FRFs), ie ancillary fluids …

Female reproductive fluids (FRFs) serve key reproductive functions in sexually reproducing
animals, including modifying the way sperm swim and detect eggs, and influencing sperm …

Variation in pre-and post-release gamete environments can influence evolutionary
processes by altering fertilization outcomes and offspring traits. It is now widely accepted …

Sperm competition is a widespread phenomenon that shapes male reproductive success.
Ejaculates present many potential targets for postcopulatory selection (eg, sperm …

Strategic ejaculate adjustments occur when males modify their investment in sperm and
nonsperm components of the ejaculate according to the context. This strategy is expected to …

Sperm cells experience considerable post-ejaculation environmental variation. However,
little is known about whether this affects their molecular composition, probably owing to the …

Sperm cells exhibit extraordinary phenotypic variation, both among taxa and within
individual species, yet our understanding of the adaptive value of sperm trait variation …

The post-ejaculatory environment, ie, either in the female reproductive tract for internal
fertilisers or in an external medium for external fertilisers, can be very hostile for sperm cells …