This paper examines the asymmetric effects of the United States Economic Policy
Uncertainty (USEPU), Geopolitical Threats (GPRT), Geopolitical Acts (GPRA), and the West …

The impacts of armed conflict on the environment are extremely complex and difficult to
investigate, given the impossibility of accessing the affected area and reliable data limitation …

Ecotourism is grounded in the concept of socio-environmental sustainability. However, the
literature needs more clarification on the determinants of ex ante determinants for …

Colombia has endured one of the longest armed conflicts in the world, influencing land use,
local economies, and the environment. The Department of Córdoba, which is part of the …

One of the most challenging processes in the rural world is the one related to rural
abandonment. Rural abandonment has drawn attention worldwide, particularly in Europe …

Amphibians are increasingly threatened, leading to growing concern about their key role in
natural ecosystems globally as predators and essential consumers in food webs. Effective …

This paper describes the relationship between the landscape and the socio-economic and
political characteristics of a highly biodiverse Andean region of Colombia, which is now …

Tropical dry forests (TDF) are one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world,
especially in Colombia. One way to promote TDF conservation is by upholding the valuation …

Rural development means an important endeavor for the leading sustainable development
of any country. This paper focuses on community-based tourism as a leading approach to …

Simple Summary Animal welfare is difficult to quantify, especially among farmers, in
extensive rural sheep farms where there is a low level of animal interaction and a lack of …