Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are acute febrile tick-borne diseases caused by
various members of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma (Anaplasmataceae). Human …

Human rickettsial diseases comprise a variety of clinical entities caused by microorganisms
belonging to the genera Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma. These …

CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that express a
conserved T-cell receptor and contribute to host defence against various microbial …

As more original molecular protocols and subsequent modifications are described in the
literature, it has become difficult for those not directly involved in the development of these …

Human and animal infections by Anaplasmataceae are increasingly recognized as
important and potentially fatal arthropod‐transmitted diseases. Since the first recognition …

IgM responses are well known to occur early postinfection and tend to be short-lived, which
has suggested that this Ig does not significantly contribute to long-term immunity. In this …

A polarized macrophage response into inflammatory (M1) or regenerative/anti-inflammatory
(M2) phenotypes is critical in host response to multiple intracellular bacterial infections …

Activating inflammatory caspases and releasing pro-inflammatory mediators are two
essential functions of inflammasomes which are triggered in response to pathogen …

Immunological memory has long considered to be harbored in B cells that express high-
affinity class-switched IgG. IgM-positive memory B cells can also be generated following …

The B cell response to Ehrlichia muris is dominated by plasmablasts (PBs), with few—if any—
germinal centers (GCs), yet it generates protective immunoglobulin M (IgM) memory B cells …