The warming and thawing of ice-rich permafrost pose considerable threat to the integrity of
polar and high-altitude infrastructure, in turn jeopardizing sustainable development. In this …

Rapid atmospheric warming since the mid-twentieth century has increased temperature-
dependent erosion and sediment-transport processes in cold environments, affecting food …

In all cities and urban areas, the risk faced by people and assets from hazards associated
with climate change has increased (high confidence1). Urban areas are now home to 4.2 …

Permafrost is a key element of the cryosphere and an essential climate variable in the
Global Climate Observing System. There is no remote-sensing method available to reliably …

Arctic coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and
the loss of permafrost, sea ice and glaciers. Assessing the influence of anthropogenic …

The Arctic cryosphere is collapsing, posing overlapping environmental risks. In particular,
thawing permafrost threatens to release biological, chemical and radioactive materials that …

Land degradation has become one of the biggest environmental challenges human society
is currently facing, which is why understanding the global pattern of this land crisis is …

Permafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when
frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent …

The formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions
influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) …

The Arctic is warming faster than any other region on Earth. Putting this rapid warming into
perspective is challenging because instrumental records are often short or incomplete in …