Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Owing to rising levels of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere and oceans, climate change
poses significant environmental, economic, and social challenges globally. Technologies …

Mechanical force controls fundamental cellular processes in health and disease, and
increasing evidence shows that the nucleus both experiences and senses applied forces …

Abstract cGAS is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that has a pivotal role in immune
defence against infection,–. In vertebrate animals, cGAS is activated by DNA to produce …

Cysteine palmitoylation (S-palmitoylation) is a reversible post-translational modification that
is installed by the DHHC family of palmitoyltransferases and is reversed by several acyl …

Integrator and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) form a complex that dephosphorylates
paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II), cleaves the nascent RNA, and terminates transcription …

Full-grown oocytes are transcriptionally silent and must stably maintain the messenger
RNAs (mRNAs) needed for oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryonic development …

Bacteriophages, the viruses infecting bacteria, hold great potential for the treatment of
multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and other applications due to their unparalleled …

Plastic production reached 400 million tons in 2022 (ref.), with packaging and single-use
plastics accounting for a substantial amount of this. The resulting waste ends up in landfills …

Bacteria encode hundreds of diverse defence systems that protect them from viral infection
and inhibit phage propagation,,,–. Gabija is one of the most prevalent anti-phage defence …