The humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin®) has been available in the EU
since 2005. Results of phase III trials demonstrate that adding intravenous bevacizumab to …

Several ongoing clinical studies are designed to test the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapies
in the adjuvant setting, where the goal is to increase the cure rate in patients who have just …

The protein kinase BRAF is a key component of the RAS–RAF signaling pathway which
plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Mutations …

Background Chemoresistance is a major obstacle that limits the benefits of 5-Fluorouracil (5-
Fu)-based chemotherapy for colon cancer patients. Autophagy is an important cellular …

Purpose: Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis is the basis of all
currently approved antiangiogenic therapies. In preclinical models, anti-VEGF blocking …

Abstract MicroRNA-200c (miR200c) recently emerged as an important regulator of
tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis; however, its role in regulating multidrug resistance …

The chemotherapy resistance of esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) is underpinned by
cancer cell extrinsic mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We demonstrate …

There is increasing evidence that tumor-associated macrophages promote the malignancy
of some cancers. Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is expressed by many tumors and is a …

The use of heat shock protein 90 inhibitors like 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin
(17-AAG) has been recently introduced as an attractive anticancer therapy. It has been …

Malignant neoplasms exhibit a higher rate of glycolysis than normal cells; this is known as
the Warburg effect. To target it, a galactose-conjugated (trans-R, R-cyclohexane-1, 2 …