Biological nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium-legume symbioses represents an environmentally
friendly and inexpensive alternative to the use of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in legume …

Highlights•Nodulation of legumes is encoded by at least three genetic rhizobial
strategies.•The 'nod'strategy has been the most successful evolutionarily.•Evolution of nod …

The α-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti establishes a chronic intracellular infection
during the symbiosis with its legume hosts. Within specialized host cells, S. meliloti …

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plants.
As horizontally transmitted symbionts, the life cycle of rhizobia includes a free-living phase in …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that participates in numerous plant signalling
pathways. It is involved in plant responses to pathogens and development processes such …

The rhizobium–legume symbiosis is a major source of fixed nitrogen (ammonia) in the
biosphere. The potential for this process to increase agricultural yield while reducing the …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signalling and defence molecule involved in diverse plant
developmental processes, as well as in the plant response to pathogens. NO has also been …

Most plant–microbe interactions are facultative, with microbes experiencing temporally and
spatially variable selection. How this variation affects microbial evolution is poorly …

PhyR is an unusual type of response regulator consisting of a receiver domain and an
extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor‐like domain. It was recently described as a …

Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial in animal–and plant–pathogen interactions, during which it
participates in host defense response and resistance. Indications for the presence of NO …