The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the best understood immune-
related pathways thanks to almost four decades of intense research. NF-κB signaling is …

The past 15 years have seen enormous advances in our understanding of the receptor and
signalling systems that allow dendritic cells (DCs) to respond to pathogens or other danger …

The limited clinical response and serious side effect have been challenging in cancer
immunotherapy resulting from immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and …

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of five chitooligosaccharide monomers of
different molecular weights on immunomodulatory activity in macrophage-like RAW264. 7 …

Iron overload occurs due to excessive iron intake compared to the body's demand, leading
to iron deposition and impairment of multiple organ functions. Our previous study …

The remarkable functional plasticity of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) allows
the adaptive immune system to respond specifically to an incredibly diverse array of …

Background In addition to its role in antigen presentation, recent reports establish a new role
for endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) in innate immunity; however, the …

Background Although vitamin D3 deficiency is considered as a risk factor for periodontitis,
supplementation during periodontal treatment has not been shown to be beneficial to date …

Autocrine or paracrine signaling by beta interferon (IFN-β) is essential for many of the
responses of macrophages to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This feedback loop …

Innate immune activation is essential to mount an effective antiviral response and to prime
adaptive immunity. Although a crucial role of CD169+ cells during vesicular stomatitis virus …