GO is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease, although it may
rarely occur in euthyroid/hypothyroid patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. It is a …

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an orbital autoimmune disorder and the main extrathyroidal
manifestation of Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. GO affects …

Background: Thyrotoxicosis has multiple etiologies, manifestations, and potential therapies.
Appropriate treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting …

Objective To demonstrate the efficacy of the anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody
tocilizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-resistant Graves orbitopathy …

Background Oxygen free radicals and cytokines play a pathogenic role in Graves'
orbitopathy. Methods We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to …

Abstract Context: Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a potentially sight-threatening disease for
which available medical therapy is not uniformly successful. Multiple case series suggest …

Robert Graves first identified the association of goiter, palpitations, and exophthalmos in
1835, although Caleb Parry had published details of a case 10 years earlier. The discovery …

Graves' ophthalmopathy is an debilitating disease impairing the quality of life of affected
individuals. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, treatment is …

Background: The prevalence and natural history of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are poorly
documented. Methods: A large series of 346 patients with newly diagnosed and recent onset …

Graves' ophthalmopathy is clinically relevant in approximately 50% of patients with Graves'
disease, severe forms affecting 3%–5% of patients. Two age peaks of incidence are …