Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important diseases impacting the global
cattle industry, resulting in significant economic loss. Commonly referred to as shipping …

The innate and adaptive immune systems are well equipped to protect the lung from
pathogen invasion. BRD is a complex syndrome, however, caused by multiple factors …

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The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a
mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the …

Exposure to indoor air pollution increases the risk of pneumonia in children, accounting for
about a million deaths globally. This study investigates the individual effect of solid fuel …

The association between transportation and the occurrence of the bovine respiratory
disease complex (BRDC) has long been recognised. Many hypotheses regarding this …

Specific nasopharyngeal bacterial communities can provide colonization resistance against
respiratory pathogens in cattle. However, the role of bacterial communities of the lower …

Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an ongoing health and economic
challenge in the dairy and beef cattle industries. Multiple risk factors make an animal …

The pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is determined by a complex
interaction of environmental, infectious, and host factors. Environment trends could impact …

Recognizing the respiratory tract as a dynamic and complex ecosystem has enhanced our
understanding of the pathophysiology of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). There is …