Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) inherits the rich chemical fingerprint
information on Raman spectroscopy and gains sensitivity by plasmon-enhanced excitation …

Carbon-based nanomaterials include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene and its
derivatives, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and carbon-based quantum dots. Due to their …

Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific
community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in …

Conjugated polymer nanoparticles, considered as a class of promising nanomaterials for
biomedical application, are extensively employed in bioimaging, anti‐microorganism and …

Highlights•Graphene-based nanomaterials are emerging as the next generation's
candidates for biotechnological advancements.•Graphene and its various derivatives have …

Graphene-based nanomaterials have been widely explored in biomedical fields such as
bioimaging, drug delivery, theranostics, and so on. In this chapter, we will review the recent …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful spectroscopy technique that can
provide non-destructive and ultra-sensitive characterization down to single molecular level …

Organic fluorescent bioprobes provide robust and powerful analytical techniques for direct
detection and monitoring of important biological species and their related biological …

Single molecule surface enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) is a highly local effect
occurring at sharp edges, interparticle junctions and crevices or other geometries with a …

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous attention as a most promising nanomaterial
among the carbon family since it emerged as a polynomial functional tool with rational …