The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors control the development
and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the
transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. The roles of BMPs in embryonic …

Smad proteins play a key role in the intracellular signalling of transforming growth factor β
(TGFβ), which elicits a large variety of cellular responses. Upon TGFβ receptor activation …

Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of …

Using molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches, recent studies examining the role of the
bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of growth factors in the reproductive system have …

Smads transmit signals from transmembrane ser/thr kinase receptors to the nucleus. We
now identify SARA (for S mad a nchor for r eceptor a ctivation), a FYVE domain protein that …

The Smad family of proteins, which are frequently targeted by tumorigenic mutations in
cancer, mediate TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to nucleus. The crystal structure of a …

Osteoblasts arise from common progenitors with chondrocytes, muscle and adipocytes, and
various hormones and local factors regulate their differentiation. We review here regulation …

Smads are signal transducers for the members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
superfamily. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors induce differentiation …

The mechanism by which ECM elasticity induces lineage specification of stem cells has not
been clearly understood. Integrins are well-documented mechanosensors that are …