Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting 5–10% of
women of reproductive age. It generally manifests with oligo/anovulatory cycles, hirsutism …

AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is activated in shortage of
energy and suppressed in its surfeit. AMPK activation stimulates fatty acid oxidation …

Abstract Approximately 50% to 70% of all women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
have some degree of insulin resistance, and this hormone insensitivity probably contributes …

The insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X, metabolic syndrome) has become the major
health problem of our times. Associated obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension …

Postnatal growth and development of the human body and its specific organs are regulated
by a complex network of local and systemic factors which is poorly understood. This review …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a medical condition that has brought multiple
specialists together. Gynecologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, pediatricians, and …

Functional adrenal hyperandrogenism occurs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS). Insulin, similar to its ovarian effect, may impact the regulation of adrenal …

BACKGROUND Metformin is an effective oral anti-hyperglycaemic drug used as first-line
medical treatment for type 2 diabetes. It improves systemic hyperglycaemia by reducing …

Insulin-like growth factors were discovered more than 50 years ago as mediators of growth
hormone that effect growth and differentiation of bone and skeletal muscle. Interest of the …

The pathophysiology of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) encompasses inherent
ovarian dysfunction that is strongly influenced by external factors, such as disturbances of …