Oestrogens and their receptors contribute broadly to physiology and diseases. In
premenopausal women, endogenous oestrogens protect against cardiovascular, metabolic …

The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in
both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways …

Hypertension is a global health problem, with> 1.3 billion individuals with high blood
pressure worldwide. In this Review, we present an inflammatory paradigm for hypertension …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally for men and women.
Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular …

Obesity and vascular dysfunction are independent and sexually dimorphic risk factors for
cardiovascular disease. A high fat diet (HFD) is often used to model obesity in mice, but the …

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide.
Despite intensive research into the mechanisms underlying the development of …

Background: There are sex differences in the pathophysiology of aortic valve (AV)
calcification in patients with aortic stenosis, although the molecular and cellular mechanisms …

Estrogen is a group of hormones that collaborate with the nervous system to impact the
overall well-being of all genders. It influences many processes, including those occurring in …

Objective: Estrogen is indispensable in health and disease and mainly functions through its
receptors. The protection of the cardiovascular system by estrogen and its receptors has …

Introduction Current understanding of sodium (Na+) handling is based on studies done
primarily in males. Contrary to the gradual increase in high salt (HS) induced natriuresis …