We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but
changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world …

The variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets occurs on various timescales and is
important for projections of sea level rise; however, there are substantial uncertainties …

Oceanic melting beneath ice shelves is the main driver of the current mass loss of the
Antarctic ice sheet and is mostly parameterised in stand-alone ice-sheet modelling …

Abstract The Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project–phase 2 (MISOMIP2)
is a natural progression of previous and ongoing model intercomparison exercises that have …

Coupled ice sheet‐ocean models are beginning to be used to study the response of ice
sheets to ocean warming. Initializing an ice‐ocean model is challenging and can introduce …

Mass loss from ice shelves is a strong control on grounding-line dynamics. Here we
investigate how calving and submarine melt parameterizations affect steady-state grounding …

In 1999, the consortium on Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) set
out to synthesize the hydrographic data collected by the World Ocean Circulation …

The Amundsen Sea sector has some of the fastest-thinning ice shelves in Antarctica, caused
by high, ocean-driven basal melt rates, which can lead to increased ice stream flow, causing …

Coupled ice sheet–ocean models are increasingly being developed and applied to
important questions pertaining to processes at the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet …