Abstract 3D printing alias additive manufacturing can transform 3D virtual models created by
computer-aided design (CAD) into physical 3D objects in a layer-by-layer manner …

The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and retina,
superintends to the acquisition, integration and processing of peripheral information to …

Stem cells with the capability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell derivatives
provide platforms for drug screening and promising treatment options for a wide variety of …

Following traumatic or ischemic brain injury, rapid cell death and extracellular matrix
degradation lead to the formation of a cavity at the brain lesion site, which is responsible for …

Increasing numbers of individuals live with stroke related disabilities. Following stroke,
highly reactive astrocytes and pro‐inflammatory microglia can release cytokines and lead to …

Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of
diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of the predominant causes of chronic low back
pain (LBP), which is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Despite substantial progress in …

Cerebral ischemic stroke remains one of the most serious neurological disorders that pose
threats to human health, causing a large amount of long-term disability or even death …

Current pharmacological and surgical therapies for the central nervous system (CNS) show
a limited capacity to reduce the damage progression; that together with the intrinsic limited …

Regenerative medicine strategies rely on exogenous cell transplantation and/or
endogenous cell stimulation. Biomaterials can help to increase the regenerative potential of …