The three principles of reinforcement are (1) events such as incentives and reinforcers
increase the activity of an organism;(2) that activity is bounded by competition from other …

Although motor learning is likely to involve multiple processes, phenomena observed in
error-based motor learning paradigms tend to be conceptualized in terms of only a single …

Motor learning can be framed theoretically as a problem of optimizing a movement policy in
a potentially uncertain or changing environment. This is precisely the general problem …

Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized with bradykinesia, static tremor, rigidity and
disturbances in balance, is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Along …

Dissociating motoric and motivational effects of pharmacological manipulations on operant
behavior is a substantial challenge. To address this problem, we applied a response‐bout …

One of the most widely used animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) involves injecting 6-
hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) directly into the substantia nigra (SN). Some recent reports …

Paradoxical choices in human and nonhuman animals represent substantial deviations from
rational models of behavior; such deviations often demand models that incorporate multiple …

THE EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM NICOTINE ADMINISTRATION ON BEHAVIORAL AND
OXIDATIVE STRESS DEFICIENCIES INDUCED IN A RAT MODEL OF PAR Page 1 194 …

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is a treatment option for the
motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, several recent studies have found …

The progress of neurodegenerative disorders correlates with the spread of their associated
amyloidogenic proteins. Here, we investigated whether amyloid entry into nonconstitutive …