The Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production
processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and …

The past 10 years have been revolutionary for clostridial genetics. The rise of next-
generation sequencing led to the availability of annotated whole-genome sequences of the …

Spores are produced by many organisms as a survival mechanism activated in response to
several environmental stresses. Bacterial spores are multilayered structures, one of which is …

Clostridioides difficile infection results from a disturbance of the normal microbial flora of the
colon, allowing proliferation of C. difficile and toxin production by toxigenic strains …

Spore formation is essential for the bacterial pathogen and obligate anaerobe,
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile, to transmit disease. Completion of this process depends …

Purpose Bile acids play an important role in Clostridioides difficile life cycle. Deoxycholate
(DCA), one of the most abundant secondary bile acids, is known to inhibit vegetative growth …

Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infection and is the causative
agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The severity of the disease is directly associated with …

Spores are the major infectious particle of the Gram-positive nosocomial pathogen
Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile), but the molecular details of how this …

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, and spore-forming bacterial member of
the human gut microbiome. The primary virulence factors of C. difficile are toxin A and toxin …

The nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming obligate anaerobe that
depends on its aerotolerant spore form to transmit infections. Functional spore formation …