The transition from adolescence to adulthood is characterized by improvements in higher-
order cognitive abilities and corresponding refinements of the structure and function of the …

Adolescence encompasses a sensitive developmental period of enhanced clinical
vulnerability to nicotine, tobacco, and e‐cigarettes. While there are sociocultural influences …

Adolescence is a developmental period when physical and cognitive abilities are optimized,
when social skills are consolidated, and when sexuality, adolescent behaviors, and frontal …

Brains systems undergo unique and specific dynamic changes at the cellular, circuit, and
systems level that underlie the transition to adult-level cognitive control. We integrate …

Adolescence is a developmental period in which the mesolimbic dopaminergic “reward”
circuitry of the brain, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc), undergoes significant …

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by suboptimal decisions and actions
that give rise to an increased incidence of unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and …

OBJECTIVE: Adolescence is a developmental period that entails substantial changes in risk-
taking behavior and experimentation with alcohol and drugs. Understanding how the brain …

Early life stress–including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss
of a parent, and other forms of adversity–increases lifetime risk of mood, anxiety, and …

Brain development is a remarkable process. Progenitor cells are born, differentiate, and
migrate to their final locations. Axons and dendrites branch and form important synaptic …

Cortical growth and remodeling continues from birth through youth and adolescence to
stable adult levels changing slowly into senescence. There are critical periods of cortical …