Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

Vaccines have had a profound impact on the management and prevention of infectious
disease. In addition, the development of vaccines against chronic diseases has attracted …

Vaccines generate high-affinity antibodies by recruiting antigen-specific B cells to germinal
centers (GCs), but the mechanisms governing the recruitment to GCs on secondary …

Here we have generated 3D structures of glycoforms of the spike (S) glycoprotein from
SARS-CoV-2, based on reported 3D structures and glycomics data for the protein produced …

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of
crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to …

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are being increasingly used as passive antiviral reagents in
prophylactic and therapeutic modalities and to guide viral vaccine design. In vivo, nAbs can …

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the
elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies …

HIV-1 vaccine development has been stymied by an inability to induce broadly reactive
neutralizing antibodies to the envelope (Env) trimer, the sole viral antigen on the virion …

Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

A desirable but as yet unachieved property of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-
1) vaccine candidate is the ability to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). One …