Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR)
signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and …

The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Senescence is a form of cell-cycle arrest linked to tumor suppression and aging. However, it
remains controversial and has not been documented in nonpathologic states. Here we …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways are essential regulators of vertebrate
skeletal development. FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of …

The RASopathies are a clinically defined group of medical genetic syndromes caused by
germline mutations in genes that encode components or regulators of the Ras/mitogen …

Craniosynostosis, defined as the premature fusion of the cranial sutures, presents many
challenges in classification and treatment. At least 20% of cases are caused by specific …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays
essential roles in bone development and diseases. Missense mutations in FGFs and FGFRs …

The fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) family of ligands and receptor tyrosine kinases is required
throughout embryonic and postnatal development and also regulates multiple homeostatic …

Advanced paternal age has been associated with an increased risk for spontaneous
congenital disorders and common complex diseases (such as some cancers, schizophrenia …

Craniosynostosis is a major congenital craniofacial disorder characterized by the premature
fusion of cranial suture (s). Patients with severe craniosynostosis often have impairments in …