Research efforts during the past decades have provided intriguing evidence suggesting that
stressful experiences during pregnancy exert long-term consequences on the future mental …

Low birthweight, a marker of an adverse in utero environment, is associated with
cardiometabolic disease and brain disorders in adulthood. The adaptive changes made by …

Objectives. Transmission of parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to offspring might
be explained by transmission of epigenetic processes such as methylation status of the …

Exposure to early life stress (ELS), such as childhood abuse and neglect is a well
established major risk factor for developing psychiatric and behavioral disorders later in life …

Exposure to maternal mood disorder in utero may program infant neurobehavior via DNA
methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

Fetal metabolic programming caused by the adverse intrauterine environment can induce
metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Adverse intrauterine environment introduces fetal …

The period of in utero development is one of the most critical windows during which adverse
intrauterine conditions and exposures can influence the growth and development of the …

Exposure to stress early in life permanently shapes activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the brain. Prenatally, glucocorticoids pass through the …

Biological differences between the sexes are apparent even from the early part of the
pregnancy. The crown-rump length is larger in male fetuses compared to females in the first …

Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors and associated with decreased fecundity,
pregnancy loss, and adverse obstetrical outcomes, however the underlying mechanisms …