Background Many depressed patients are not able to achieve or sustain symptom remission
despite serial treatment trials–often termed “treatment resistant depression”. A broader …

Background: Bipolar disorder has generally been regarded as having a better functional
outcome than schizophrenia. However, studies have suggested low functioning in bipolar …

Bipolar disorder is heterogeneous in phenomenology, illness trajectory, and response to
treatment. Despite evidence for the efficacy of multimodality interventions, the majority of …

Objectives: Via an international panel of experts, this paper attempts to document, review,
interpret, and propose operational definitions used to describe the course of bipolar …

Objective The authors sought to assess the efficacy of functional remediation, a novel
intervention program, on functional improvement in a sample of euthymic patients with …

People with bipolar disorder frequently experience persistent residual symptoms, problems
in psychosocial functioning, cognitive impairment, and poor quality of life. In the last decade …

Objectives To aid the development of treatment for cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder,
the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) convened a task force to create a …

Background Most longitudinal or treatment studies in bipolar disorder have used
symptomatic or syndromal status as the primary outcome variable. More recently …

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical and neurocognitive predictors of long-term functional
outcome in patients with bipolar disorder METHODS: A total of 32 subjects who met criteria …

Biological studies of bipolar disorder initially focused on the mechanism of action for
antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs, and the roles of monoamines (eg, serotonin …