I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism resident in the skin and nasal membranes with a
dreadful pathogenic potential to cause a variety of community and hospital-acquired …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps affects approximately 2–4% of the
general population, and long-term use of systemic corticosteroids is associated with adverse …

Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) characterized by a type 2
immune signature often have severe and recurrent disease. Lower airway conditions such …

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common clinical syndrome that produces significant
morbidity and costs to our health system. The study of CRS has progressed from an era …

Background Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into chronic rhinosinusitis
with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) …

Background Patients with eosinophilic nasal polyposis frequently require surgery, and
recurrence rates are high. Objective We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of …

Contributing Authors Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham,
MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav …

Importance Dupilumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients with asthma and atopic
dermatitis, which are both type 2 helper T-cell–mediated diseases. Objective To assess …

Background To date, no study has evaluated the diversity of TH cell cytokine patterns of
patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among centers in different continents using …